Problematising Ethnonationalism and the Challenges of Democracy in Indonesia

Abstract

This research examines the dynamics of identity politics within the framework of ethnonationalism in Indonesia, highlighting the relationship between solidarity, conflict, and human rights issues. The aim of this research is to analyse how the state's response to ethnonationalist movements, particularly in Aceh and Papua, influences the formation of ethnic group solidarity while triggering conflicts that result in human rights violations. The research method used is a qualitative approach through literature study and case analysis, with data sources in the form of academic journals, official reports, and policy documents. The results show that identity politics can strengthen the internal solidarity of ethnic groups but has the potential to cause conflict if the state responds repressively. Case studies of Aceh and Papua reveal that security policies and state centralisation often exacerbate tensions, leading to human rights violations such as restrictions on freedom of expression and violence against civil society. The conclusions of this study emphasise the importance of an inclusive and human rights-based approach to the management of ethnonationalism and identity politics in order to prevent cycles of conflict and ensure the protection of the rights of minority groups in Indonesia. This study contributes to the literature by offering a contextualised analysis of how state strategies in managing ethnonationalist movements can either mitigate or intensify identity-based conflicts, particularly in post-authoritarian democracies.